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Prolactin is a single-chain protein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. Prolactin levels are used, along with other hormone tests, to help diagnose infertility and erectile dysfunction in males, to diagnose infertility in females, to diagnose prolactinomas, and to evaluate anterior pituitary gland function.

Men and non-pregnant women usually have only small amounts of prolactin in the blood. High levels of prolactin are normal during pregnancy and after childbirth while the mother is nursing. Low levels of prolactin can be indicative of hypopituitarism.